Celiac disease is a disease of the small intestine. Those who suffer can not take foods that contain gluten and for this reason needs a specific diet based products for people with celiac disease. The Italian State meets the families of coeliacs by making available to the vouchers to spend in the indicated points of sale, or in the pharmacy, for the purchase of products that do not contain gluten. So let's see what good celiacs are and how they work specifically.



good celiac
GOOD CELIAC DISEASE: WHAT THEY ARE AND HOW TO REQUEST THEM
The celiac disease is an officially recognized disease, it can strike at any age and, according to some studies, at its base there is a genetic predisposition. Abdominal pain and nausea are just some symptoms that occur in people with celiac disease, due to the malabsorption of some substances, such as gluten , contained in food. People suffering from celiac disease report a chronic inflammation of the small intestine, which ignites because the body continues to ingest products containing gluten.

But what exactly is gluten?

Gluten is a component of protein in cereals that is found in wheat and in some types of cereals , such as barley, rye, spelled and spelled. Therefore, finding itself in products prepared with this kind of cereals, gluten is contained in bread, flour, pizza, biscuits and all the other confectionery products , such as snacks and snacks.



Celiacs who ingest this type of food suffer from numerous physical disorders, ranging from dysentery to abdominal cramps, depending on the fact that the intestine is unable to digest gluten . What to do then?

Celiacs should not only avoid ingesting foods that do not contain gluten , but must also pay attention that there is no contamination with products that contain it and this is why it can become difficult practice to go out for dinner, even if only for a pizza, and find, for example, a pizzeria with a separate oven that only cooks pizzas with gluten-free flour. The same, of course, applies to pastry or baker: if you sell gluten - free products , traders are obliged to separate the places where food is prepared to avoid contaminating the flour .

WHAT THE LEGISLATION SAYS
The Italian law provides for a specific labeling on food products for everything that concerns not only foods containing gluten, but also for those that contain allergens. Foods that do not contain gluten are many, such as fruit, vegetables, fish, meat and eggs, while for all others, all processed products containing flour, must be labeled in such a way as to be recognized among gluten-free products.

Since 2005 these products are obligatorily marked with an ear of crossed wheat : buying a food bearing this symbol you are certain to consume products that do not contain gluten and therefore do not cause intolerance or annoyance in people with celiac disease. The rules governing the use of labels are very strict; the symbol of the spike can appear only and exclusively on products that contain gluten for a maximum of 20 milligrams per Kg .

WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF SUSPECTED CELIAC DISEASE
The diagnosis is often done in adulthood and, at that point, it becomes impossible for the celiac to continue to conduct the same diet. It is therefore necessary to buy products, such as flours, bread, pasta and biscuits, which do not contain gluten to eliminate physical discomfort. The Italian State is helping celiac citizens , and families, in the case of small children, and provides them with a maximum cost ceiling that must be used for the purchase of suitable products.

What is fundamental , however, is that the pathology is ascertained safely by a doctor . Alternatively, it is impossible to access this economic aid. The situation becomes particularly unpleasant when a person manifests all the symptoms , or almost, of celiac disease but there is no clinical evidence that leads the doctor to be able to diagnose it for all purposes. In these cases, people can still decide to buy products without gluten, but since there is no pathology confirmed by the doctor can not access state economic aid, with a further increase in family expenses, since products for celiacs can also have costs rather onerous.

Those who can be said to be 100% celiac, and therefore possess a medical certificate attesting to it, have at their disposal an amount that varies from € 45 to € 100 each month , depending on the age, to be used for the purchase of gluten-free products. For children there are also various facilities for the school canteen.



The state helps citizens with celiac disease assessed with various types of economic aid . This is because, individually, gluten-free products are quite expensive compared to the average of all other foods and, buy even some of the basic and necessary foods, such as pasta and gluten-free flours, would greatly affect the family budget of every family if these subsidies did not exist.

It is directly the National Health Service that takes care of supplying gluten-free foods to citizens with celiac disease. The products can be picked up directly at the pharmacy or at specialized stores that sell gluten-free food. The products can be purchased until the required monthly ceiling is exhausted, at the end of which, however, the citizens will have to provide their own pockets to find the products.

The spending ceilings available for each citizen may vary according to the region of residence and according to the ASL of belonging. The first thing to do, therefore, to get certain and detailed information is to consult the AIC of your region or ask directly the doctor.

The monthly money available for each celiac person varies according to age. Therefore there are different bands to rely on. Here is a brief overview:

6 months - 1 year of age: 45.00 euros

Up to 3 and a half years old: 62.00 euros

Up to 10 years of age: 94, 00 euros

Adult age: 140, 00 for males and 99.00 for females

To know specifically which are the gluten-free products that the National Health Service is responsible for providing, just consult the national register of gluten-free products . Then you need to proceed with the request for celiac good.



To make the request it is necessary to present some documents:

Certificate signed by a doctor attesting the presence of the disease
Authorization signed by the ASL that allows access to the purchase of gluten-free foods
OTHER FACILITIES FOR CELIACS
In addition to the request for vouchers, celiacs are also entitled to access different services , on request and free of charge. This rule was designed especially for young children who, having lunch at the school canteen, in the case of celiac disease would have many problems.

In this case, parents of children with celiac disease can ask the school to provide gluten-free meals for their child , and this can also take place in hospitals in case of hospitalization, but also in sports facilities that provide access to canteens. collective.

VISITS AND EXEMPTIONS
The examinations necessary for the diagnosis of celiac disease are granted exemption , with the condition that the suspected diagnosis is formulated by a specialist in the National Health Service. In this case the citizen affected by celiac disease will be sent by the same doctor, to the guard of the network able to formulate the diagnosis of the disease.

REIMBURSEMENT OF THE NHS FOR PRODUCTS PURCHASED IN SUPERMARKETS
Some regions , such as Lombardy, collaborate with local health agencies to provide celiac disease patients with a reimbursement, in the form of a monthly budget, to spend at the affiliated outlets and at all the major supermarket chains.

The citizen is provided with a code , which is sent directly home, by post, which entitles him to purchase gluten-free products at participating supermarkets. Alternatively, you can always make purchases at pharmacies. The new IT systems also allow you to split the spending according to your needs and allow everyone to better control how much the available budget remains.

According to the Italian Celiac Association , depending on the Regions, which however implement different policies also as regards the provision of benefits for people with celiac disease, sometimes it may be more convenient to buy some products at retailers supermarkets that not in Pharmacy. In fact, several studies have shown that the difference between the products purchased in pharmacies and the one bought in a common supermarket is quite large and variable, even in this case, from region to region.

A valid advice, therefore, regardless of the region in which you reside is to do some preliminary research and carefully compare the prices of products that are consumed more, especially by virtue of the fact that the coupons that the state provides for coeliacs have a limited expense ceiling.

If the state pension will not be enough for the citizens to live a dignified life when they stop working, what solution can be taken into consideration to think about their own future? Pension funds, at the moment, are the best answer, provided you know how to choose them with intelligence and accuracy, avoiding scams and unpleasant surprises. Here is what it is and how pension funds work.



How pension funds work
HOW PENSION FUNDS WORK
During their working life, working citizens, who are employees or self-employed, pay the State, INPS more precisely, the contributions that will help them receive a pension check when they stop working and have reached the fateful retirement age.

To this day it works like this: the working citizens pay contributions that the state needs to pay current pensions, while those who are now retired have provided during their working life to pay the State essential contributions to pay pensions at the time.

A sort of cycle, in short, but it could be abruptly interrupted if the state does not have enough money to pay everyone's pensions. The theme has become increasingly hot in recent years and even today the debate around pensions is more intense than ever. As things currently stand, and unless the law on the pension system changes as soon as possible, the money that citizens will receive once they retire may not be enough to ensure a dignified life, and this is especially true of new generations.



If the pension, in fact, is calculated on the basis of the salary itself and on the basis of the years of contributions paid, it is clear that, with the crisis in the world of work , future pensions will be at risk or, even worse, it is possible that, if the legislation remains at present, most Italian citizens will not receive any pension, if not a pale allowance equal to a few hundred euros.

To this is added the age- old problem of retirement age which, to date, is still subject to regulatory discussions and could change from one moment to the next, lowering or rising even more than the current one.

What to do then? The most effective answer to this type of problem is given by pension funds , a sort of insurance through which citizens join the pension that will receive a sort of income autonomous and independent from the state provision.

In doing so, the citizens would secure other income, in addition to the pension provided by the state, which, if not satisfactory, would be supplemented by the pension fund money that the worker has paid into their own account through an alternative pension plan .

But what is a pension fund ? And how does it work in detail?

The pension fund , in our legal system, is a tool that aims to guarantee a supplementary pension to be considered side by side to that which is due, under the law, to all working citizens once all the contributions paid have accrued.

The first thing to know about this is that joining a pension fund is free and integrative and differs from the state pension for a fundamental reason. The former has a "pay-as-you-go" system; this means that the contributions paid today are the source from which the State will draw for tomorrow's pensions.



Pension funds, on the other hand, have a "capitalization" system ; this means that the money allocated to a certain fund, and paid by the citizen, will be available to him only, without the citizens having to contribute to the future pensions of others.

To date there are different types of pension funds; the Fondi di Catego ria and the Open Pension Funds . The latter are the result of an agreement between social agreements and arise from initiatives by banks, insurance companies and asset management companies. The former, on the other hand, stem from collective agreements involving companies and trade unions.

THE PHASES OF ACTIVITY OF A PENSION FUND
The assets of a pension fund can be summarized in several stages:

Contribution : citizens pay the money in the chosen fund
During this phase, in general, the amounts can be modified , suspended or resumed at any time as needed. After a certain period of time it is also possible to request the transfer of the money accumulated to another fund.

The fund will undertake to prepare in a timely manner the periodic communications that citizens will receive directly at home, by mail, so as to be able to view the development of their personal practice.

During this phase, citizens can also request advance payments, provided that the motivation is always valid and documented, as in these cases:

Health costs
Purchase or renovation of your home or that of your children
For personal reasons if an average of 8 years has elapsed since enrollment
Citizens can also request a redemption in the following cases:

Unemployment for at least one year (only 50%)
Total and permanent invalidity
Management : resources are invested by qualified entities
Accumulation : individual capitalization and creation of an account on which money will be accumulated over time
Withdrawal : when the pension fund is required to pay the money that citizens have saved and set aside over time
PENSION FUNDS AND TAX SYSTEMS
Pension funds are subject to special tax regimes. For the final services, the law provides for a withholding tax of 15%, which tends to decrease by 0.3% each year and after the fifteenth year of participation in the Fund.



Pension funds are also subject to tax treatment on financial returns, with a tax with a substitute tax of 11% instead of the general rate of 12.5%

CHOOSE THE PENSION FUND
But which pension fund to choose? This is the question that all citizens ask themselves. The first criterion of choice is the direct and indirect cost that is applied to the capital of the pension fund; some are taken directly from the payments made, others are requested indirectly from the assets of the investment line.
The second criterion for choosing a pension fund is the company that manages it ; how much experience do you have on this? What is your story? How do you manage the collected assets? And how do you distribute it? These are all questions that should be made when choosing a pension fund.

It is then necessary to be duly informed on all the modalities of the disbursement of annuity money , for example if there is, or not, the possibility of obtaining a reversible annuity, if there is the possibility to receive an income for a certain number of years and so on.

TAKE OUT A PENSION FUND
To activate a supplementary pension it is essential to adhere to a specific program offered by a Pension Fund. Access can be granted:

Private and public employees
Self-employed workers and freelancers
Subjects without income that are fiscally charged to the family
At the time of accession, private employees can choose whether to also activate the payment of severance pay . In doing so, the savings made by the supplementary pension are corroborated by the employer. Together with the TFR you can also pay personal contributions, in addition to contributions paid by the employer.

It is also possible to opt for a collective membership of the pension fund ; in this way the supplementary pension is provided by the TFR and by the contributions deducted from the payroll.

ELEMENTS TO BE EVALUATED IN CHOOSING THE PENSION FUND
Before choosing to join a pension fund, some elements should be assessed:

The years that are missing from the state pension
Any risks related to the investment
In any case, and whatever your choice, do not forget to read and carefully analyze the information notes, the Rules and the relevant General Conditions .

To view the offer, especially if you are not very skilled in terms of pension, it is very useful to consult the site Covip.it , on the Supervisory Board on pension funds. You will thus be able to access a database that will provide you with all the information regarding available pension funds, returns and the related management costs.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Summing up all the information concerning membership of a pension fund, here are the advantages that are expected of a citizen:

Tax concessions provided for each plan
Possibility to have net returns depending on the chosen financial manager
Contribution payable by the employer
No fixed quota obligation if you do not choose to allocate the TFR
On the other hand, here instead what could be the disadvantages :

The fruits of the investment are not immediate but long-term
Participative shares are not tradable on real estate markets
PROTECTION RULES
In order to guarantee the pension investment, the law has established some rules to be respected by both parties:

Obligation to have a custodian bank that takes responsibility for accepting the assets
Identification of managers according to a selection subject to the supervisory authority
Acceptance of rules that prevent conflict of interest
Obligation to indicate the restrictions on investments
Control task entrusted to Covip, the supervisory authority
The Board of Directors of the fund will have extensive management autonomy and may delegate the custodian bank and the management company, in compliance with all the rules that regulate the code of ethics.

HOW TO DEFEND YOURSELF FROM ATTEMPTS AT FRAUD
When it comes to pension funds, fraud and deception are always around the corner. Often, especially at a difficult time like this, it is easy to let yourself be discouraged by the future without knowing exactly what to do. What matters is maintaining the right clarity that will serve you to make the right choice for you and your needs.

Whoever is the entity you are addressing always remember that :

The pension fund is not mandatory or necessarily necessary. If you prefer you can leave the TFR in the company, even in the form of annuity or in securities or postal coupons.
The pension fund is a free choice of the citizen: therefore avoid signing contracts that prohibit the exit from the pension fund.
The pension fund must be secure in real terms, otherwise it is better to let it go
The pension fund policy must be transparent to those who subscribe to it
The Pension Fund must be advantageous from the fiscal point of view for the citizen who signs it
It is better than the contract that does not have too tight time constraints

How to make the tax return The tax return is a document that the taxpayers are due to fill out annually, to determine to what extent to pay taxes and to obtain income tax deductions. The documentation has specific deadlines regarding the presentation and varies depending on the model that citizens fill out; the 730 model or the Unico model. Given its purely technical character and considering that there are many documents to be submitted, for the declaration of income in general the help of experts in the sector is requested. The accountant is a valid choice



How to make the tax return
HOW TO MAKE THE TAX RETURN
The tax return is a document that taxpayers are required to fill out annually, to determine to what extent to pay taxes and to obtain income tax deductions. The documentation has specific deadlines regarding the presentation and varies depending on the model that citizens fill out; the 730 model or the Unico model .

Given its purely technical character and considering that there are many documents to be submitted, for the declaration of income in general the help of experts in the sector is requested. The accountant is a valid and safe choice and having one of reference is certainly the best way to clear doubts and ask for advice. The negative note, however, is that the annual fees of the accountant could have a large impact on the family budget and sometimes it is useful at least to consider other possibilities.

At the various CAF and affiliated facilities you can ask for help and advice for the completion of the tax return, while at some companies workers can directly request tax assistance by paying the same company a figure certainly cheaper than the parcel of the accountant.



In any case, it is good to leave informed and know in depth what are the models through which you can forward the tax return, which deadlines are to be met and which are all the documents to be submitted.

THE INNOVATIONS INTRODUCED BY THE 2016 STABILITY LAW
First of all, it is good to know that, with the new Law of Stability , the Government has introduced some innovations that involve the declaration of income, the deadlines to be respected and the rules to follow are the following:

The provision that provides for the analysis against citizens using, with the 730, the subtraction for family loads or surpluses of previous declarations has been eliminated. These checks were replaced by preventive checks only in case the repayment of significant amounts. From 1 January 2016 the limit of 4000 euros has been abolished, which previously presupposes access to automatic controls.
With regard to healthcare costs, the obligation to transmit all data concerning the services provided by the National Health System during the previous year within a specific deadline set at 28 February is now in force.
THE DEADLINES FOR THE TAX RETURN
The tax return must be presented according to the deadlines established by the Tax Authorities, even if after the entry into force of the new model 730 already completed the delivery deadlines have changed due to the new requirements of the Revenue Agency to analyze the data of taxpayers with those of tributaries.

The new dates on data transmission to the Inland Revenue are as follows:

With expiry on 28 February, the Inland Revenue must receive all the data relating to the expenses that can be deducted from 730
With expiry on 7 March, the substitute tax returns to the Revenue Agency the data of the new CU model, the one that replaced the CUD for employees and pensioners
The deadlines for the declaration of income are set for July 7 for:

Who sends the 730 compiled independently
CAF and intermediary accountants
Tax substitutes with direct tax assistance or with intermediary
Who submits the tax return through the Unico Model must do so respecting the following deadlines:

By 30 September : electronically to the Inland Revenue or through intermediaries
Between May 2 and June 30 : with paper form sent through the post office and only for taxpayers who do not have an employer and no pension, must declare their income to substitute tax and separate taxation.
730 OR UNIQUE MODEL?
The 730 model is used by the following categories of payers:

Retirees
Employees
Members of cooperatives
Workers in layoffs
Priests of the Catholic Church
Municipal, provincial and regional councilors
Agricultural producers exempted from the 770 model and ordinary
The Unico model , on the other hand, is reserved for the following categories of people:



Who has business income, income from self-employment with VAT, other income other than those that can be declared with 730 and capital gains deriving from the sale of qualified investments or not in companies in countries with preferential taxation.
Who has not resided in Italy during the previous year
Who must submit Model 770, VAT and Irap declarations
Who has received employment income dependent on employers who do not have the obligation to issue withholding tax
Who must file the tax return on behalf of a deceased tax payer
Who has terminated his contract indefinitely
 WHO IS NOT REQUIRED TO MAKE THE TAX RETURN
The following persons are exempt from the obligation to submit their tax return :

They had income of building that derives from the possession of the main house
They have had employment income dependent on an employer who performs withholding tax
They only had income from work dependent on several subjects, to which is added a building income that derives from the possession of the main house
They have a total income not exceeding 8,000 euros, if it derives from an employee work in a period not less than 365 days.
They have an income, calculated net of the home, which does not exceed 7000 euros if it derives from a pension income for a period not less than 365 days
HOW TO PRESENT THE TAX RETURN
The statement of income with Model 730 is delivered to the withholding agent , employer or institution; model 730 already completed or model 730-1 in a sealed envelope with the choice to allocate 8 per thousand and 5 per thousand of the Irpef.

Alternatively, you can deliver the 730 to the CAF for the transmission of the model and the card in a sealed envelope . At these institutions it is also possible to request assistance and various instructions for the compilation that are provided, however, for a fee.



It is also possible to use the precompiled model , for those who are particularly skilled with the computer and know enough about the reference fiscal subject. In this case it is necessary to access the Inland Revenue website with your PIN, verify the data and send the model directly online.

If, on the other hand, the Single Model is used, the transmission must be carried out through the telematic services offered by the Revenue Agency, or through Caf or trade associations.

DOCUMENTS NECESSARY FOR THE DECLARATION OF INCOME
To present the income tax return you need to present the following documentation , which is mandatory for everyone to keep for the following 4 years:

Model CU, which certifies the income received by employees or pensioners
Unique Certification delivered by the employer or pension institution
CU issued by the INPS to certify unemployment, mobility, metrics or layoffs
CU model of the spouse or dependent family members and not from the fiscal point of view
Certificate of payment of foreign pension
Any notarial deeds concerning buildings purchased, inherited, donated or sold.
Land registry certificate of properties sold and owned
Leases of houses or garages
Certification for fees for occasional services
Delegations for the payment of the F24
Tax code of spouses and family members fiscally charged
Notarial deed and mortgage contract
DEDUCTIONS AND EXPENSES
It is good to remember that invoices, receipts, receipts, bank transfers and checks issued for tax deduction purposes must be indicated at the time of the declaration of income. In particular, here are the expenses that can be downloaded.

HEALTHCARE EXPENSES
Medical visits
Dental expenses
Hearing aids
Glasses
Purchase of medical equipment
Hospital stay
Rehabilitation
Spa treatments
Medicines
Assistance costs for disabled people
Medical expenses made abroad
Costs for the home and for properties in general

Interest for mortgages
Social security contributions
Interest expense for mortgages
Real estate brokerage fees
Energy saving expenses

Deduction of the rent
Reclamation consortia
Purchase of household appliances
Charges for children fiscally charged

School fees (asylum and sports activities)
Other expenses

Check due to the separated spouse
Funeral expenses
Possible contributions for domestic workers
Pension funds
How to fill in your tax return yourself

If you have decided to go it alone with the compilation of the tax return, here is a summary of all the steps that it is essential to follow if you decide not to rely on the accountant or to seek assistance from the CAF or the appropriate institutions:

Access the site of the Revenue Agency
Choose the model to use: 730 or Unique Model
Access the "online tax services" section and click on "fisconline"
Register and request a pin code. At the end of the registration you will be given a password that allows access to the personal page dedicated to the compilation of the tax return
Fill in all required items, receipts and all deductible expenses
Recheck the data entered and then send the model electronically

The National Health System, by law, provides that all citizens have free access to health services of any kind provided that they pay, depending on the type of examination or examination required, the payment of a ticket. Some citizens, however, depending on the case, are exempt from paying it. That's why, in which cases it is possible to request exemption from the payment of the ticket and what is the bureaucratic procedure to be followed to request it.



ticket exemption
WHAT IS A TICKET EXEMPTION CERTIFICATE?
The legislation that regulates the National Health Service provides that every citizen can have access to all health services upon payment of a ticket , the amount of which varies depending on the exams required and the service provided. Not all citizens, however, are required to pay this amount .

This happens for purely economic reasons and for health conditions ; the State then takes care of citizens suffering from diseases and less well-off, identified through income, and allows them access to free completion of health services as needed. This particular treatment is sanctioned through a certificate of exemption from the ticket . So let's see what it is, what are the groups of citizens who are entitled and how to request this type of exemption.

CITIZENS WHO HAVE THE RIGHT TO REQUEST THE EXEMPTION
The citizens who are entitled to access to health services in a completely free are:



Persons under 6 and over 65 with an annual income of less than € 36,151.98
The unemployed subjects, with a family income of less than 8,263.31 euros, increased to 11.362, 05 if in the presence of a spouse and dependent children
Subjects holding a social allowance
Pensioners with 60 years and a family income of less than 8,253.31, brought to the figure of 11.362.05 euros if in the presence of spouse and dependent children
At this point it is necessary a clarification concerning the concept of "family nucleus". What is a family unit? For tax purposes, it consists of the person concerned, the spouse who is not legally separated and all other dependent family members. If the different family members live together, it is irrelevant.

For the same reason, it should be noted that "dependent family members" are all family members who are not independent from the fiscal point of view and for whom the family enjoys tax deductions.

Another clarification concerns the overall income of the family unit . This value is given by the sum of the individual income produced by each member of the family member and is shown on the tax return including all deductible expenses:

Certified income with the Unico model
Income certified with the 730 model
HOW TO OBTAIN THE EXEMPTION CERTIFICATE
The ticket exemption certificate is obtained through assessment and recognition of this right by searching for the name of the person in a list that the Inland Revenue provides to the region, the local health authorities and the family doctor . The list is updated every year.

The certificate is sent at home , by post, with an official communication attesting that the citizen has been included in the list of the Ministry of Economy and Finance. At this point, it is sufficient to show up at the ASL counters enabled to request the reprint of the ticket exemption certificate.



However, there are special cases for which a citizen , even if he meets all the required requirements, can not be automatically entered in the Ministry's lists . This is the case, for example, of unemployed people or citizens who, even if they possess the income for which it is possible to apply for and obtain the exemption, are not in any case on the list produced by the Ministry.

In cases such as these, the citizen must go to the ASL of competence , submit the self-certification and be issued with the exemption certificate.

Let's make a summary of what has been said so far. To find out if you have the right, or not, to request a ticket exemption, you must:

Know what are all the members of the family unit (dependents referred to in the tax return)
Make the sum of all the total gross income of the components
Check if the sum is lower or higher than the parameters indicated and established by the legislation
Let us now examine some of the most frequent individual cases.

TICKET EXEMPTION FOR THE UNEMPLOYED
All citizens who have ceased their employment for any reason are entitled to the exemption certificate; dismissal, termination of a fixed-term contract and resignation . The employment relationship must be dependent and the citizen, in order to apply for the certificate, must be registered with the Employment Office pending a new occupation. A citizen who has never carried out any type of work activity or a person who has ceased work as an independent worker, whatever that is, can not be considered unemployed.



The various types of exemption, which indicate the reason why the citizen can enjoy these services, are indicated with a code and the one that indicates the exemption due to unemployment is the E02 code . The certificate is issued by the ASL of membership, which certifies this type of condition annually.

TICKET EXEMPTION FOR RETIRED PEOPLE
I retired to a minimum have direct exemption ticket. But who are the pensioners at a minimum? This category of citizens is made up of pensioners who hold a minimum pension, recognized by the INPS on the basis of the calculation of the contributions paid. If the value of the pension is lower than the limit set by the law, it is called a minimum pension.

TICKET EXEMPTION FOR THOSE ENTITLED TO EXEMPTION BUT NOT LISTED
As mentioned above, this case may also occur : a citizen is in possession of all the requirements necessary to obtain the exemption, but does not appear in the lists of exempt income . This can happen because, for example, the income of the previous year was of a lower value than that found in the Inland Revenue, or because a citizen started to receive a minimum pension or a social allowance.

In this case, the citizen has the right to submit the request and at this point the competent local health authority intervenes . The ASL has the task, therefore, to issue a provisional certificate, which indicates the name of the person entitled to exemption, and which is valid for the entire calendar year.



The certificate is issued as long as the citizen presents the following documents :

Self-certification of the right to this type of exemption
Self-certification of the total income and of the family unit in relation to the previous year
Self-certification of the total income of the family in relation to the year for which the exemption of the ticket is required
Self-certification in the case of pension perception integrated with the minimum pension, as a social allowance
Self-certification of unemployed status issued by the Employment Center with which the citizen undertakes to communicate in a timely manner the possible termination of the unemployment status, which obviously involves the loss of the exemption
Statement of awareness of criminal consequences for issuing false statements
Copy of a valid ID
The ticket exemptions are also due to the following categories of people:

Chronic and disabling diseases
Those suffering from chronic illness are exempt from paying the ticket on the services they must access, provided that all the clinical documentation attesting their physical condition is present in the appropriate offices. To consult which diseases are considered chronic and disabling it is necessary to consult the list made available on the website of the Ministry of Health.

Rare diseases
The same is true for rare diseases. If you have a rare disease, after having verified that you belong to this category, you have the right to access the health services necessary to carry out the checks you need for free.

Disability
Those with disabilities have the right to exemption for some or all of health services. Also in this case, to find out what are the categories of people that the State recognizes as disabled, it is necessary to consult the lists of the Ministry of Health .

Exemptions for early diagnosis
Public health facilities provide several screening programs for early detection, such as mammography, pap smear and the search for occult blood in the stool . These exams are totally free and are exempt from the payment of tickets. To know what are all the screening programs available to citizens, simply contact the local health authority or ask the family doctor .

Exemptions for pregnancy
Couples who are looking for a child and pregnant women are entitled to free access to some of the specialist services that need to be performed during pregnancy. To find out what services can be accessed free of charge, even in this case, it is necessary to access the dedicated section on the Ministry of Health website.

Free for the HIV test
In all public hospitals, it is possible to carry out the HIV test in an absolutely anonymous and free way , without having to pay the ticket.

DESKS TO CONTACT FOR INFORMATION
The counters dedicated to all the activities and the documentation related to the exemption of the ticket are those dedicated to the exemptions in each health district of the local health authority.

When you present yourself at the counters, remember to always have with you the tax code of all the members of the family unit for which the exemption and the health card are required, as well as a photocopy of the registrant's identity card.

Workers who are unemployed can count on the unemployment allowance, an economic aid that the state provides under certain conditions and provided that the unemployed citizen has certain requirements. Here are what they are, how to apply for unemployment and what are the essential characteristics to obtain it.



How to apply for unemployment
HOW TO APPLY FOR UNEMPLOYMENT
To lose the job, unfortunately, is always an unpleasant eventuality in the life of a person, but it is good to know that, while you are looking for a new job, there are subsidies and state aids that belong to the citizen who has lost his job , provided this has certain requirements that allow access to subsidies.

The normative situation is in continuous movement, above all in a very delicate field and subject to changes such as that of work. So here is the situation in which there is a citizen suddenly unemployed, what he can do and what is the process to follow to request state aid and subsidies .

With the new reform launched by the Renzi government, the rules governing the request for help from unemployed citizens have also changed. To apply for unemployment benefits , workers who have lost their jobs must first be sure that they meet these requirements :



Being actually in a state of unemployment
Being unemployed and having lost your job involuntarily
Having resigned for just cause
Solving the employment contract consensually
Having at least thirteen weeks of paid contributions behind you
A few more explanation deserves the third point: the resignation for just cause. For the avoidance of doubt, we are talking about resignation for just cause when:

There was no payment of the salary, or a delay in the payment of the salary
There have been significant changes in working conditions
The worker has suffered bullying
The employee was without reason transferred to another location
THE LEGISLATION REGULATING UNEMPLOYMENT
Unemployment is an economic institution that belongs to employees who have lost their jobs involuntarily. All workers who have had employment relationships can access this service and, to these are added:

Apprentice workers
Employees of Public Administrations
Working members who have had employment relationships
Artistic staff with subordinate employment relationships
The following categories of people are exempted from unemployment:

Permanent employees who work in the Public Administration
Agricultural workers with fixed-term and permanent contracts
Non-EU workers even if they hold a residence permit for seasonal jobs
THE STATE OF INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT
At the moment there is still no official portal for all work policies; however , all those citizens who do not have a job and who declare their status to an employment center are considered to be unemployed , in addition to their immediate willingness to undertake any work activity or training activity for the retraining in the world of work .

It has also been established that unemployed citizens, even if enrolled in the Employment Center, can not request the allowance in the following case:

If the employment relationship was terminated voluntarily by the worker, except in the following cases:
During the period of maternity, which the State protects in any case, which extends from 300 days before the date of birth until the first year of life of the child
As part of the consensual termination of the employment relationship with a conciliatory procedure
If there was a refusal on the part of the worker to move to another work station no more than 50 km away, which is generally calculated in 80 minutes by means of transport.
In all these cases, the worker must prove the right cause or his intention to take legal action against the company. It is also good to remember that, starting from 12 March 2016, it is compulsory to carry out the procedure for the online resignation , which however does not provide those for just cause. In this case it is more difficult to get the right to unemployment.

Those who receive unemployment benefits can access, after 4 months of receipt, the relocation allowance , an important new feature introduced by the Jobs Act. Female workers who have resigned from work for pregnancy may be entitled to unemployment and may decide to do so even after giving birth until the child's first year is completed.

HOW TO APPLY FOR UNEMPLOYMENT
The application to apply for unemployment must be sent to INPS strictly online , after requesting the PIN to authenticate and access all the services on the site. The request must be submitted within 68 days from the end of the employment relationship and it is necessary to attach the following documents:

The last two paychecks
Receipt of registration at the employment center
IBAN of the current account
Letter of dismissal or document attesting the end of the employment relationship
CUD or 730 if you receive a family allowance
The citizens who receive unemployment are required to attend courses covering new redevelopment of the job market, organized by Job Centers or the National Employment Agencies.



After submitting the application for unemployment, citizens must report to the employment center after receiving an official communication indicating the date and place in which to present themselves. At this point the unemployed citizens will have to sign a declaration attesting the immediate availability to work.

This certification is essential to obtain unemployment status and then receive the corresponding allowance. The period of unemployment is an excellent opportunity, as well as being an obligation, moreover, to attend refresher courses, relocation programs, traineeships and any other formative activity.

If the obligations of the service agreement, which unemployed citizens subscribe, are missing, the conditions for receiving unemployment are also lacking . If the citizen does not present himself to the training activities, or does not take part in interviews at the employment center, he will reduce the monthly salary to the first lack, the second will not receive a monthly salary, while the third lack will automatically trigger the cancellation unemployment benefit.

Unemployed citizens who sign the training agreement are also obliged to accept any job offer proposed to them through the employment center; if this is not the case and the unemployed citizen decides to refuse an offer, the cancellation of the unemployment allowance is immediately triggered.

Unemployment insurance provides that the state gives a certain amount to the citizens while waiting for them to find a new occupation. This money will serve, in the meantime, to meet the economic needs of everyone.



The unemployment benefit does not provide for a fixed amount, but a variable amount which is calculated from the previous salaries. The calculation begins by examining the last four years of work, including additional monthly payments. The figure is then multiplied by a coefficient that will calculate the amount to be paid, usually starting at 75% of the final result, but only if less than the sum of 1195 euros.

If the amount is greater than this amount, the figure will correspond to 75% of the result to which will be added 25% of the difference between the result obtained and the amount of 1195 euros. The amount , in any case, will not exceed € 1300 , the minimum threshold that every year is calculated, and eventually modified, depending on inflation.

What happens, on the other hand, if you find work while you are feeling unemployed? Last July a communication from INPS was forwarded explaining that if a worker is paid with INPS vouchers, for a sum that must not exceed 3000 euros a year, the unemployment allowance does not suffer any change.

If this threshold is instead exceeded, the INPS reserves the right to apply a deduction on the amount received that varies proportionally based on the amount received with the vouchers. It is essential, therefore, to promptly communicate this information to the INPS within one month from the start of the paid work with the vouchers and compulsory before the expiry of the limit set by 3000 euros.

L ' unemployment benefits is sent to the citizen by transfer to bank account , or by means of a transfer which can be withdrawn and collected from any of Poste Italian branch. On the other hand, the possibility of receiving money on prepaid cards or on the PostePay card is excluded.



The unemployment benefit is valid , which is equal to the number that corresponds to half the weeks of contributions by calculating the last four years. The maximum duration of the unemployment allowance, therefore, is two years , and the duration will remain unchanged also for the whole year 2017, although initially a maximum limit of 18 months had been proposed.

In this period of work crisis, it is not unusual to fail to find a new job after about eight months of actual unemployment. What to do then in this case? There are other alternatives and citizens, especially if belonging to certain categories of work, can count on other economic benefits and that the state provides in case of persistent unemployment.

If after eight months of unemployment you find a new job, with a contract valid for only one day, you can again access unemployment for another period of eight months, provided that you have all the necessary requirements to be able to apply.

The state also provides other forms of subsidy, valid for some categories of workers. Who is a professional journalist , for example, has the right to an additional economic treatment for unemployment, provided directly by the journalists' desk. The economic aid is valid for one year and the amount paid will be equal to the unemployment benefit for the first three months; from the fourth month will be risotto of 30%.

NEW PROVISIONS FOR 2016
The Jobs Act reform has also introduced several social shock absorbers provided for those who lose their jobs, which correspond to various unemployment benefits: NASPI, ASDI and DIS COLL. The NASPI is an unemployment benefit that provides new methods of calculation to modify the duration of the subsidy and its measure. ASDI, on the other hand, is a further six-month allowance for workers without jobs over 55, with dependent children and with an ISEE of less than 5,000 euros a year.

The DIS COLL is, on the other hand, another type of assistance provided for citizens who have lost their jobs, in particular for collaborators, on a project or on an ongoing basis, enrolled in the INPS Separate Management and who do not have a VAT number. To request this type of assistance you need to have at least three months of paid contributions and the duration of the assistance is equal to half of the months for which the contributions have been paid. The amount, in this case, is equal to 75% of the income, only if it is equal, or even lower, to the sum of 1195 euros per month, to be evaluated annually.