Diet and diabetes

concept
Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to lack of insulin action and is a group of diseases accompanying various metabolic abnormalities. Due to persistence of long-term hyperglycemia etc., complications specific to diabetes (three major complications (diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, etc.), etc.), arteriosclerosis and other complications may be caused. Currently it is increasing in Japan, with about 8.9 million people suspected strongly of diabetes and 22 million people estimated to be combined with those who can not deny diabetes. There are about 3,000 people (2nd place of cause of blindness in adults) in one year due to diabetes, about 16,000 people introduce dialysis (first place of dialysis cause), hands and feet It is estimated that there are several thousand people to cut. Furthermore, it is known that cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction are also liable to occur threefold when diabetes is present, and the course after onset is also bad.

Symptom
Symptoms such as dry mouth, polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss appear if it gets worse, but there are also cases where there is no subjective symptom. Sometimes it is diagnosed as diabetic by visiting a hospital with symptoms due to complications (eg abnormal appearance).

Cause
In addition to inheritance (the constitution born with it), type 2 diabetes which develops with lifestyle affects accounts for nearly 90%. In addition to this, type 1 diabetes, in which insulin secretion is rapidly depleted due to autoimmune etc., diabetes that develops with other diseases, diabetes related to pregnancy, and so on.

Inspection for diagnosis
The normal value of blood glucose is less than 110 mg / dl on an empty stomach. Diabetes is strongly suspected in cases of fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg / dl or more, blood glucose level as occasionally (regardless of meals) 200 mg / dl or more, HbA 1 c 6.5% or more, It may be diagnosed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test.

Treatment
There are life therapy (diet therapy, exercise therapy, smoking cessation, drinking to keep an appropriate amount, etc.) and medication therapy (internal medicine, injection drug (insulin preparation, GLP-1 analog preparation)).

prevention
Diet therapy is the foundation of prevention and treatment of diabetes. Although it is basic to not eat too much over the appropriate amount (optimization of total calories), it is also important to ingest the necessary nutrients balancedly as daily nutrition. Generally avoid excess of salt and alcohol, vegetables and dietary fiber intends to ingest enough.
Recently "saccharide restricted diet" may become a topic. A good effect can be expected for those who eat too much every day, such as "to refrain from sweet things" "to moderate rice". However, diet therapy that restricts carbohydrates (carbohydrates) extremely and supplements calories with other (fat and protein) is currently not recommended by the Japanese Diabetes Society from the aspect of safety. Compared to the 1960s, when diabetes was still few in Japan, the intake of total calories and carbohydrates gradually decreased, while the intake of fat has increased greatly. At that time, it seems that the intake of rice per capita was about twice as much as the current amount and the intake of fat was about half. It seems that the Japanese staple food has changed from rice to bread, men and others, and has begun to like butter, lipids, dairy products (so-called Western-style meals). At that time, it should be noted that the intake of dietary fiber such as millet, root vegetable and so forth was larger (about 1.4 times) than the present amount (thought to be) (thought to be) (thought to be) a large amount of physical activity, but the investigation of Japanese who moved to Western Europe It is also known that diabetes is seen at a high rate. There seems to be a hint of "diet for prevention of diabetes" among these.