Heart attack is one of the most common physical events in the population; caused above all by an incorrect lifestyle, today it is one of the main causes of mortality and first aid intervention. Let's find out what to do in case of myocardial infarction and how to recognize the first symptoms.
what to do in the event of a heart attack
Myocardial infarction is among the leading causes of death in Western countries; Today we know that in the majority of cases , harmful habits , including smoking and alcohol abuse, and an improper lifestyle , first of all an incorrect diet, but also a lack of adequate physical activity, lead to infarction ; as well as stress, responsible for many disorders and diseases of the new millennium.
Men more than 50 years of age and women from 60 are more often hit by heart attacks; even though in reality young people may be at risk of myocardial infarction, both due to congenital problems and at home of a wrong and harmful lifestyle.
In this guide we will try to understand in detail what is the myocardial infarction, what are the causes that can induce it and, in particular, how to recognize the symptoms of this event in order to act promptly in the best way, or which are the actions to be performed in first aid before the ambulance arrives.
WHAT IS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION?
Myocardial infarction is a dangerous event caused by the sudden narrowing of the arteries , rather than by the complete occlusion of the coronary vessels, ie the conduits that allow the oxygen-laden blood to reach the heart cells.
If this "path" is interrupted, failure to pass the blood flow is generated and in a very short time, a few minutes, the whole body goes into crisis; such cellular suffering results in the death of the vascularized tissue of the arteries involved in the occlusion.
SYMPTOMS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Being able to recognize the very first symptoms of the infarct is very important because it can be the only way to save the life of the affected person; in the event of myocardial infarction, the timeliness of the intervention is decisive, first the nature of the event is understood, the first aid can be made to intervene.
Let's see, then, what are the symptoms that can allow us to understand that we are in front of a person affected by a heart attack.
The first symptom, and perhaps the most known and characteristic of the infarct, is angina , which is a prolonged pain in the chest ; this pain may be more or less intense and may appear both at rest and under cardiac stress.
Generally angina persists for over 20 seconds and as time passes, the pain becomes increasingly oppressive; the feeling that you feel is similar to what you would feel if you had a weight at the heart.
Another very frequent symptom in case of myocardial infarction is a prolonged pain in other parts of the body , for example behind the breastbone or at the mouth of the stomach, and more frequently at the left side of the body, or the left arm, the shoulder , between the shoulder blades, at the neck or at the left side of the jaw.
Other symptoms that are felt by almost all those affected by a heart attack are: nausea , cold sweats ,vomiting , severe weakness , dizziness , fainting , fever and tremors .
Among these, fainting in about one in ten cases is the only symptom of the infarct; in this case we are faced with the so-called " silent infarct " or "paucisintomatico infarct", an event that affects diabetics more frequently.
These symptoms, unspecific in many cases, may not all appear together and therefore give rise to reasonable doubt; the advice, if you are faced with an individual who feels some of these symptoms, is therefore to go to the nearest emergency room in order to ascertain the true gravity of the situation through appropriate medical checks.
With regard to the symptoms of the infarction, it is good to make a distinction as regards the sexes; in fact, women may also present different symptoms than those just listed.
Women often report less common symptoms ; these symptoms are: more or less prolonged pain in the upper back, both shoulders and jaw, lassitude that lasts for a few days and difficulty in sleeping.
About 80% of women suffering from myocardial infarction have presented at least one of these symptoms and in many cases even up to a few weeks before the actual heart attack.
In conclusion, it is always very important to never underestimate the symptoms listed so far, even if you think that the heart attack is a sudden and dramatic event, in many cases it is "light" and may extend over time even for more than one 'Now.
In case of symptoms, it is extremely important to receive adequate medical treatment no later than 90 minutes from the event ; otherwise, in fact, damage to the occluded artery could be lethal.
How to act in case of myocardial infarction
Defined the symptoms, more or less common, we see how to act when we are in front of a person suffering from a heart attack, or when we are affected in the first person.
First you need to immediately call an ambulance (118); even if anxiety is taken, therefore, avoid calling friends or relatives, but allocating the first call to the medical emergency room, this is the quickest way to receive a timely intervention as the paramedics can start treatment as soon as they arrive on site.
Once you have called 118, you can consider calling someone who can reach you immediately ; in these cases, in fact, an aid could be fundamental if the person goes into cardiac arrest. Obviously, this second call should be made only if the operators of the 118 will give the authorization to end the call with them, or if you have a second telephone line so that you can keep in touch with the first aid service.
In this circumstance, it may be useful to make the aspirin suffer from an aspirin without a gastro-resistant lining, especially if you can do it within the first half hour. Aspirin, in fact, is able to inhibit the action of the platelets, ie the formation of clots and therefore to delay the occlusion of the arteries caused by the blood coagulated during the infarct. It is advisable to ensure that the person affected by a heart attack chews aspirin before swallowing it; in this way, in fact, the active ingredient of the medicine will be released more rapidly and its effectiveness will be increased.
In case you are in first person to suffer a heart attack it is important not to do the heroes and avoid driving to go to the emergency room , because if you had more severe symptoms while driving this action could be fatal.
It is important to stay calm and try to calm the affected person by trying to bring the heartbeat back to a regular rhythm; it might help to cause the subject to think of something reassuring rather than counting slowly in a quiet, calm tone of voice.
The position to be taken , or to be taken, is the supine and with the legs raised; in this way the diaphragm will be opened and breathing will be facilitated by oxygenating the blood.
If possible move , or move the affected person , in an airy area , open a window if you are in a closed place and, in case of a crowded place, move the crowd away and leave space around the subject.
Lastly, do not try to put into practice the so-called "cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a cough"; this technique may not work and even aggravate the situation.
This is a technique that should be performed only by a healthcare professional and at an equipped medical facility.
IS THERE A HEART ATTACK PREVENTION?
As we have already mentioned, the myocardial infarction is caused in most cases by an improper lifestyle; smoking, stress, obesity, alcohol abuse and sedentary life are among the main factors that can trigger this serious event. That said, it seems clear that a way to avert the heart attack exists, or avoid these bad habits in favor of a healthy and healthy lifestyle.
Let's not forget, however, that some diseases can increase the risk of myocardial infarction; these include high blood pressure and high cholesterol, as well as a genetic predisposition. In these cases prevention is feasible both by maintaining healthy habits and through periodic medical checks.
what to do in the event of a heart attack
Myocardial infarction is among the leading causes of death in Western countries; Today we know that in the majority of cases , harmful habits , including smoking and alcohol abuse, and an improper lifestyle , first of all an incorrect diet, but also a lack of adequate physical activity, lead to infarction ; as well as stress, responsible for many disorders and diseases of the new millennium.
Men more than 50 years of age and women from 60 are more often hit by heart attacks; even though in reality young people may be at risk of myocardial infarction, both due to congenital problems and at home of a wrong and harmful lifestyle.
In this guide we will try to understand in detail what is the myocardial infarction, what are the causes that can induce it and, in particular, how to recognize the symptoms of this event in order to act promptly in the best way, or which are the actions to be performed in first aid before the ambulance arrives.
WHAT IS MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION?
Myocardial infarction is a dangerous event caused by the sudden narrowing of the arteries , rather than by the complete occlusion of the coronary vessels, ie the conduits that allow the oxygen-laden blood to reach the heart cells.
If this "path" is interrupted, failure to pass the blood flow is generated and in a very short time, a few minutes, the whole body goes into crisis; such cellular suffering results in the death of the vascularized tissue of the arteries involved in the occlusion.
SYMPTOMS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Being able to recognize the very first symptoms of the infarct is very important because it can be the only way to save the life of the affected person; in the event of myocardial infarction, the timeliness of the intervention is decisive, first the nature of the event is understood, the first aid can be made to intervene.
Let's see, then, what are the symptoms that can allow us to understand that we are in front of a person affected by a heart attack.
The first symptom, and perhaps the most known and characteristic of the infarct, is angina , which is a prolonged pain in the chest ; this pain may be more or less intense and may appear both at rest and under cardiac stress.
Generally angina persists for over 20 seconds and as time passes, the pain becomes increasingly oppressive; the feeling that you feel is similar to what you would feel if you had a weight at the heart.
Another very frequent symptom in case of myocardial infarction is a prolonged pain in other parts of the body , for example behind the breastbone or at the mouth of the stomach, and more frequently at the left side of the body, or the left arm, the shoulder , between the shoulder blades, at the neck or at the left side of the jaw.
Other symptoms that are felt by almost all those affected by a heart attack are: nausea , cold sweats ,vomiting , severe weakness , dizziness , fainting , fever and tremors .
Among these, fainting in about one in ten cases is the only symptom of the infarct; in this case we are faced with the so-called " silent infarct " or "paucisintomatico infarct", an event that affects diabetics more frequently.
These symptoms, unspecific in many cases, may not all appear together and therefore give rise to reasonable doubt; the advice, if you are faced with an individual who feels some of these symptoms, is therefore to go to the nearest emergency room in order to ascertain the true gravity of the situation through appropriate medical checks.
With regard to the symptoms of the infarction, it is good to make a distinction as regards the sexes; in fact, women may also present different symptoms than those just listed.
Women often report less common symptoms ; these symptoms are: more or less prolonged pain in the upper back, both shoulders and jaw, lassitude that lasts for a few days and difficulty in sleeping.
About 80% of women suffering from myocardial infarction have presented at least one of these symptoms and in many cases even up to a few weeks before the actual heart attack.
In conclusion, it is always very important to never underestimate the symptoms listed so far, even if you think that the heart attack is a sudden and dramatic event, in many cases it is "light" and may extend over time even for more than one 'Now.
In case of symptoms, it is extremely important to receive adequate medical treatment no later than 90 minutes from the event ; otherwise, in fact, damage to the occluded artery could be lethal.
How to act in case of myocardial infarction
Defined the symptoms, more or less common, we see how to act when we are in front of a person suffering from a heart attack, or when we are affected in the first person.
First you need to immediately call an ambulance (118); even if anxiety is taken, therefore, avoid calling friends or relatives, but allocating the first call to the medical emergency room, this is the quickest way to receive a timely intervention as the paramedics can start treatment as soon as they arrive on site.
Once you have called 118, you can consider calling someone who can reach you immediately ; in these cases, in fact, an aid could be fundamental if the person goes into cardiac arrest. Obviously, this second call should be made only if the operators of the 118 will give the authorization to end the call with them, or if you have a second telephone line so that you can keep in touch with the first aid service.
In this circumstance, it may be useful to make the aspirin suffer from an aspirin without a gastro-resistant lining, especially if you can do it within the first half hour. Aspirin, in fact, is able to inhibit the action of the platelets, ie the formation of clots and therefore to delay the occlusion of the arteries caused by the blood coagulated during the infarct. It is advisable to ensure that the person affected by a heart attack chews aspirin before swallowing it; in this way, in fact, the active ingredient of the medicine will be released more rapidly and its effectiveness will be increased.
In case you are in first person to suffer a heart attack it is important not to do the heroes and avoid driving to go to the emergency room , because if you had more severe symptoms while driving this action could be fatal.
It is important to stay calm and try to calm the affected person by trying to bring the heartbeat back to a regular rhythm; it might help to cause the subject to think of something reassuring rather than counting slowly in a quiet, calm tone of voice.
The position to be taken , or to be taken, is the supine and with the legs raised; in this way the diaphragm will be opened and breathing will be facilitated by oxygenating the blood.
If possible move , or move the affected person , in an airy area , open a window if you are in a closed place and, in case of a crowded place, move the crowd away and leave space around the subject.
Lastly, do not try to put into practice the so-called "cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a cough"; this technique may not work and even aggravate the situation.
This is a technique that should be performed only by a healthcare professional and at an equipped medical facility.
IS THERE A HEART ATTACK PREVENTION?
As we have already mentioned, the myocardial infarction is caused in most cases by an improper lifestyle; smoking, stress, obesity, alcohol abuse and sedentary life are among the main factors that can trigger this serious event. That said, it seems clear that a way to avert the heart attack exists, or avoid these bad habits in favor of a healthy and healthy lifestyle.
Let's not forget, however, that some diseases can increase the risk of myocardial infarction; these include high blood pressure and high cholesterol, as well as a genetic predisposition. In these cases prevention is feasible both by maintaining healthy habits and through periodic medical checks.
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